The research on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) suggests that it often represents a form of retaliation in response to unfairness. In other words, when employees perceive unfairness in the workplace, they get even by engaging in behavior that damages the organization or its employees.
THE RESEARCH STUDY
Extending this line of research, the authors of this study (Semmer et al., 2010) uncovered an interesting predictor to CWB: illegitimate tasks. Illegitimate tasks are tasks that are assigned to employees that undermine their professional identities. That is, employees have jobs and professions that involve a set of typical tasks. This also implies that some tasks or duties should not be expected of certain employees (e.g., assigning a medical doctor to repair an air conditioner).
According to the authors, the assignment of illegitimate tasks, which may be either unreasonable or unnecessary, can undermine employees’ professional (and perhaps social) identities and possibly lead to CWB. Ultimately, when employees perceive that they are assigned illegitimate tasks at work, they are more likely to engage in CWB targeted toward organizational members or the organization itself.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Clearly, managers should be careful when delegating tasks to certain employees. If employees view these work assignments as unreasonable or unnecessary given their profession, then they will be more likely to engage in CWB.
Importantly, since many supervisors are focused on the big picture (i.e., the overall goals of the organizational unit) they may simply be unaware that this phenomenon takes place. Clearly then, it is crucial to communicate to managers that employees do appraise tasks as being either legitimate or illegitimate, which can potentially lead to counter-productive work behavior. Nevertheless, some tasks must be completed regardless. In this situation, the authors suggest that if supervisors demonstrate their willingness to complete such tasks themselves, then their employees may be less likely to view these tasks as illegitimate.
Semmer, N.K., Tschan, F., Meier, L.L, Facchin, S, & Jacobshagen, N. (2010). Illegitimate tasks and counterproductive work behavior. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(1), 70-96.
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